Advanced Verb Tenses

Objective: Dive deeper into perfect continuous tenses, conditional sentences, and reported speech.

Perfect Continuous Tenses:

1. Present Perfect Continuous:
   • Formation: Subject + has/have + been + Present Participle.
   • Example: I have been studying for hours.
2. Past Perfect Continuous:
   • Formation: Subject + had + been + Present Participle.
   • Example: She had been waiting for a while when the bus finally arrived.
3. Future Perfect Continuous:
   • Formation: Subject + will + have + been + Present Participle.
   • Example: By this time next year, they will have been living here for a decade.

Conditional Sentences:

1. Zero Conditional:
   • Formation: If + present simple, present simple.
   • Example: If it rains, the picnic is canceled.
2. First Conditional:
   • Formation: If + present simple, will + base verb.
   • Example: If she studies, she will pass the exam.
3. Second Conditional:
   • Formation: If + past simple, would + base verb.
   • Example: If I had money, I would buy a new car.
4. Third Conditional:
   • Formation: If + past perfect, would + have + past participle.
   • Example: If they had known, they would have come to the party.

Reported Speech (Indirect Speech):

1. Statements:
   • Change: Pronouns, time expressions, and verb tenses may shift.
   • Example: Direct: She said, “I am coming.”
     Indirect: She said that she was coming.
2. Questions:
   • Change: Reporting verb + if/whether, and inversion may occur.
   • Example: Direct: He asked, “Are you coming?”
     Indirect: He asked if/whether I was coming.
3. Commands:
   • Change: The reporting verb changes, and the verb tense may shift.
   • Example: Direct: She said, “Close the door.”
     Indirect: She told me to close the door.