A self-actualizing person, in the field of psychology, is a concept introduced by the renowned humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow. This concept is central to his theory of human motivation and personal growth. A self-actualizing person has reached a high level of psychological and emotional development, characterized by a deep understanding of themselves, a strong sense of purpose, and pursuing their full potential. In this article, we will discuss who is a self-actualizing person and the characteristics of self-actualizers.
Self-actualization
A German-American neurologist, Kurt Goldstein (1878–1965) coined self-actualization. Goldstein created the phrase “individuation,” or the process of establishing a self-distinct from one’s surroundings. However, the phrase is most commonly associated with the American psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908–1970). Maslow positioned self–actualization at the apex of his “hierarchy of needs,” the foundation of his 1943 theory to define human behavior motivation. Maslow proposed that five basic human needs drive behavior.
Maslow’s hierarchy of wants
The next portion of this lecture explains Maslow’s hierarchy of wants in further detail. The demands are arranged in descending order, beginning with the most fundamental, such as food and water, and progressing to the most complex, actualization.
Self–actualization is frequently defined as the evolution of one’s capacities, including an enthusiasm for and full engagement in life. However, each person’s potential is distinct and individual. As a result, self-actualization is a unique process that varies from person to person. It may be defined as accomplishing the best that one is competent as a human being. Maslow’s theory reflects a significant shift in psychology from aberrant behavior to human capability development (Sumerlin & Bundrick, 1996).
“Self-actualising people have an uncommon capacity to discern the false, phony, and insincere in personality, as well as to appraise others properly and effectively” (Maslow, 1970).
Who is a self-actualizing person?
According to Maslow, this ability to identify lies extended to many other aspects of life, like art, music, science, and even politics. Self-actualizing individuals may detect contradictions or hidden truths significantly more quickly than the typical person.
This quality is readily confused with “excellent taste or good judgement,” but it became evident to Maslow over the investigation that this was something more than those two preconceptions. He concluded that this was due to these people’s highly constant perspective. They appeared to have a constant view of what was happening behind the scenes (Sumerlin, 1997).
“They can recognise their own human behaviour, with all of its flaws and deviations from the ideal picture, without experiencing genuine anxiety” (Maslow, 1970).
Self-actualising people lack overwhelming guilt, agonising humiliation, and excruciating anguish. They are more satisfied with life, with all of its flaws. This polar opposite of the individual is always paralyzed by anxiety and worries. The self-actualizing individual may also appreciate their “animal nature” without remorse, shame, or apology.
Characteristics of a Self-Actualizing Person:
- Autonomy: Self-actualizing individuals are independent thinkers who make choices based on their inner values and principles. External pressures or societal norms do not heavily influence them.
- Realism: They accurately and honestly perceive reality and accept its positive and negative aspects. This realism allows them to navigate life with clarity.
- Problem-Centered: Self-actualizing people are often focused on solving problems and challenges for personal gain, the greater good, and personal growth.
- Peak Experiences: They frequently experience what Maslow called “peak experiences,” moments of intense joy, creativity, and fulfillment. These experiences can be profoundly transformative.
- Creativity: Self-actualizers are often highly creative individuals, whether in the arts, sciences, or other domains. They have a unique capacity for innovative thinking.
- Emotional Resilience: They exhibit emotional resilience and better cope with setbacks and adversities.
- Morality and Ethics: Self-actualizing individuals have a well-defined sense of right and wrong, often guided by ethical principles.
- Strong Relationships: They maintain healthy and authentic relationships, valuing deep connections with others.
Relevance and Influence:
Maslow’s concept of self-actualization has profoundly impacted psychology and the understanding of human potential. It has influenced positive psychology, humanistic psychology, and personal development. The idea that individuals can strive for personal growth, self-fulfillment, and a deep understanding of themselves remains a central theme in studying human behavior and well-being. Self-actualization, as proposed by Maslow, inspires individuals to lead purposeful and meaningful lives.
Check the following references to learn more about what is a self-actualization person.
Sumerlin, J. R., & Bundrick, C. M. (1996). A brief index of self-actualization: A measure of Maslow’s model. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11(2), 253.
Maslow, A. H., Honigmann, J. J., & Mead, M. (1970). Synergy: Some Notes of Ruth Benedict 1. American Anthropologist, 72(2), 320-333.
Sumerlin, J. R. (1997). Self-actualization and hope. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(4), 1101.
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